photo credit: americanistadechiapas Our most accessible memories are those from experiences that result in a positive or negative reward. Negative and positive reinforcements play a key role in learning and memory. You can’t teach infants through rational reasoning. Imagine holding a small baby in your arms and saying to the child … “I think it’s [...]

photo credit: neoCine In a previous post I described the brain site of negative reinforcement and the brain area controlling this process which is called the PERIAQUEDUCTAL GRAY (PAG). The PAG also plays a manage role in the body’s management of pain. One way to switch off pain is to directly stimulate the PAG. In [...]

You can have a fantastic set of goals, a slick organizational structure, and a great determination to succeed but if your attitude to people drives them away then you will fail as a Manager. Every employee receives set-backs from time to time. It’s a normal part of working life. However, if you add to that [...]

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photo credit: DVIDSHUB Experiences that have powerfully reinforcing properties also carry powerful reinforcing memories. The memory of the event adds additional reinforcement. It motivates us to repeat pleasant experiences or avoid unpleasant ones. I recall one case study of a man who spent five years in prison on drug related charges and during this period [...]